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ANALISIS KEBUTUHAN SUMBER DAYA DOKTER UMUM DI INSTALASI GAWAT DARURAT: STUDI KASUS DI RUMAH SAKIT UNIVERSITAS MATARAM
ABSTRACT
Background: Accurate human resource planning for Emergency Department (ED)
physicians is critical to service quality. The University of Mataram Hospital
currently lacks an operational standard for calculating staffing needs for general
practitioners working in the ED, relying instead on normative national standards.
This study aims to analyze the actual workload and estimate staffing requirements
using an evidence-based approach to complement existing methods.
Methods: A quantitative descriptive observational design was employed,
integrating two analytical components. Systematic work sampling over seven
consecutive days measured the distribution of Direct Productive, Indirect
Productive, and Non-Productive activities. Staffing requirements were then
calculated using the Workload Indicators of Staffing Need (WISN) method,
incorporating available working time, workload standards, and annual service
volumes.
Results: The workload distribution reflected a low clinical load pattern. Indirect
Productive activities (documentation and coordination) dominated the workload at
61.1%, while Direct clinical contact accounted for only 24.3%. The WISN analysis
produced a requirement of 0.56 FTE. The large gap between this figure and the
number of physicians currently deployed yielded a WISN Ratio of 12.5, primarily
indicating reserve or slack capacity during a transitional period characterized by
low patient volumes.
Conclusion: Findings confirm that ED physicians operated under a low-load
pattern dominated by supportive tasks during the hospital?s transition phase. The
WISN results (0.56 FTE; Ratio 12.5) should not be interpreted as static overstaffing
but rather as reflective of contextual reserve capacity. This study provides a
methodological and empirical baseline demonstrating that responsive workforce
planning requires integrating normative standards with context-specific workload
analyses.viii
ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang: Perencanaan sumber daya manusia (SDM) dokter Instalasi Gawat
Darurat (IGD) yang akurat merupakan prasyarat mutu pelayanan. Rumah Sakit
Universitas Mataram belum memiliki standar operasional baku untuk menghitung
kebutuhan dokter umum IGD. Dalam praktiknya, acuan yang digunakan bersandar
pada standar normatif nasional lama. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis beban
kerja aktual dan menghitung kebutuhan tenaga dengan pendekatan berbasis bukti
sebagai pelengkap metode yang ada.
Metode: Penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif observasional ini menggunakan dua
metode. Beban kerja diukur melalui work sampling sistematis selama tujuh hari
untuk memetakan proporsi aktivitas Produktif Langsung, Tidak Langsung, dan
Non-Produktif. Kebutuhan tenaga kemudian dihitung menggunakan
metode Workload Indicators of Staffing Need (WISN) berdasarkan waktu kerja
tersedia, standar beban kerja, dan volume kegiatan pokok tahunan.
Hasil: Distribusi beban kerja menunjukkan pola low clinical load. Aktivitas
Produktif Tidak Langsung (dokumentasi, koordinasi) mendominasi (61,1%),
sementara kontak klinis langsung hanya 24,3%. Analisis WISN menghasilkan
kebutuhan 0,56 FTE. Kesenjangan besar antara angka ini dengan jumlah dokter
tersedia menghasilkan Rasio WISN 12,5, yang terutama mencerminkan kapasitas
cadangan (slack capacity) pada periode transisi operasional dengan volume
kunjungan rendah.
Kesimpulan: Temuan mengonfirmasi bahwa beban kerja dokter IGD pada masa
transisi bersifat low-load dan didominasi tugas pendukung. Hasil WISN (0,56 FTE
dan Rasio 12,5) bukan indikator kelebihan tenaga statis, melainkan
gambaran kapasitas cadangan dalam konteks khusus. Penelitian ini
memberikan baseline metodologis dan empiris yang berharga, menegaskan bahwa
perencanaan SDM yang responsif memerlukan integrasi antara standar normatif
dan analisis beban kerja aktual yang kontekstual.
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